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Summa Theologiae · I-II, q. 113

Question 113. Of the Effects of Grace

Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, First Part of the Second Part. 10 articles.

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Text: Summa Theologiae, Project Gutenberg #17897, First Part of the Second Part (Prima Secundae), translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province. The First Part of the Second Part of the Summa in the English Dominican translation (first printed 1911 to 1925; second and revised edition from 1920). A sample check on 2026-11-09 against pre-1931 printings at the Internet Archive (first printings of 1915 and 1916 and the second and revised edition of the 1920s) found that the article text matches, with no 1947 introduction, synopsis, or index. The phrase “From the Complete American Edition” in Gutenberg's catalog title is a provenance note only. Question and article numbers were added by the transcriber. Rights: Public domain (US)

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We have now to consider the effect of grace; (1) the justification of the ungodly, which is the effect of operating grace; and (2) merit, which is the effect of cooperating grace. Under the first head there are ten points of inquiry:

(1) What is the justification of the ungodly?

(2) Whether grace is required for it?

(3) Whether any movement of the free-will is required?

(4) Whether a movement of faith is required?

(5) Whether a movement of the free-will against sin is required?

(6) Whether the remission of sins is to be reckoned with the foregoing?

(7) Whether the justification of the ungodly is a work of time or is sudden?

(8) Of the natural order of the things concurring to justification;

(9) Whether the justification of the ungodly is God's greatest work?

(10) Whether the justification of the ungodly is miraculous?

Articles

  1. Whether the Justification of the Ungodly Is the Remission of Sins?
  2. Whether the Infusion of Grace Is Required for the Remission of Guilt, i.e., for the Justification of the Ungodly?
  3. Whether for the Justification of the Ungodly Is Required a Movement of the Free-will?
  4. Whether a Movement of Faith Is Required for the Justification of the Ungodly?
  5. Whether for the Justification of the Ungodly There Is Required a Movement of the Free-will Towards Sin?
  6. Whether the Remission of Sins Ought to Be Reckoned Amongst the Things Required for Justification?
  7. Whether the Justification of the Ungodly Takes Place in an Instant or Successively?
  8. Whether the Infusion of Grace Is Naturally the First of the Things Required for the Justification of the Ungodly?
  9. Whether the Justification of the Ungodly Is God's Greatest Work?
  10. Whether the Justification of the Ungodly Is a Miraculous Work?

Also online, linked only: the same translation at New Advent and the Latin text at Corpus Thomisticum. Neither is copied here.

Source: Thomas Aquinas. Summa Theologica, First Part of the Second Part. Project Gutenberg #17897. Project Gutenberg record. Public domain in the USA. Outside the U.S., check local copyright rules. Project Gutenberg notices retained. The full Project Gutenberg license is kept in the hosted text.